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| 1717 |
| | | Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, observing the Turkish practice of inoculation against smallpox, submits her infant son to the treatment | |
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| 1752 |
| | | English obstetrician William Smellie introduces scientific midwifery as a result of his researches into childbirth | |
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| 1761 |
| | | Austrian physician Joseph Leopold Auenbrugger describes his new diagnostic technique – percussion, or listening to a patient's chest and tapping | |
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| 1775 |
| | | Captain Cook publishes his discovery of a preventive cure against scurvy, in the form of a regular ration of lemon juice | |
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| 1784 |
| | | Benjamin Franklin, irritated at needing two pairs of spectacles, commissions from a lens-grinder the first bifocals | |
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| 1785 |
| | | William Withering's Account of the Foxglove describes the use of digitalis for dropsy, and its possible application to heart disease | |
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| 1796 |
| | | In Berkeley, Gloucestershire, Edward Jenner inoculates a boy with cowpox in the pioneering case of vaccination | |
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| 1796 |
| | | German physician Samuel Hahnemann coins the term 'homeopathy' and describes this new approach to medicine | |
|  | Conflict between homeopathic and allopathic medicine
Wellcome Library, London
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| 1816 |
| | | René Laënnec, reluctant to press his ear to the chest of a young female patient, finds a solution in the stethoscope | |
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| 1828 |
| | | William Burke and William Hare murder 16 victims and sell their bodies to the Edinburgh Medical School for anatomical study | |
|  | Execution of William Burke
Wellcome Library, London
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